[The research of the contralateral ear hearing thresholds and the hearing prognosis in unilateral Meniere's disease].

Objective:This study analyzed the pure tone audiometry results of the affected ear and the contralateral ear of unilateral Meniere's disease to investigate the correlation of the hearing threshold of the contralateral ear and the hearing prognosis of unilateral Meniere's disease. Methods:In this study, the follow-up data of 135 patients with unilateral Meniere's disease in Beijing Tongren Hospital were used to analyze the pure tone audiometry results of the affected and contralateral ears at the first visit and 1 year later. Results:①At the first visit, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean hearing thresholds of the affected ear in the normal hearing group and the high-frequency hearing loss group of the contralateral ear（P>0.05）. ②The range of improvement of hearing thresholds in the affected ear was greater in the contralateral ear normal hearing group than in the contralateral ear high-frequency hearing loss group. In the normal hearing group of the contralateral ear, the hearing thresholds of the affected ear at 0.25 kHz（P<0.01）, 0.50 kHz（P<0.01）, 1.00 kHz（P<0.01）, and 2.00 kHz（P<0.05） were significantly improved; and in the high-frequency hearing loss group of the contralateral ear, the hearing thresholds at 0.25 kHz（P<0.01） hearing thresholds improved significantly, and there was no significant difference between the rest of the frequencies before and after treatment（P>0.05）. A consistent pattern was observed in both higher and lower age groups. ③After 1 year of follow-up, the low and mid-frequency hearing of the affected ear improved. 0.25 kHz（P<0.01）, 0.50 kHz（P<0.01）, 1.00 kHz（P<0.01） hearing thresholds improved significantly; 8.00 kHz hearing thresholds decreased slightly（P<0.05）. Conclusion:After standardized treatment, the results of 1-year follow-up suggested that the low-frequency hearing of MD patients could be improved, but the high-frequency hearing was slightly decreased. The hearing prognosis of the affected ear with normal hearing threshold of the contralateral ear may be better.

Three-dimensional image authentication from multi-view images.

Three-dimensional (3D) optical authentication is important for modern information security. Existing 3D optical authentication methods rely on integral imaging devices, necessitating meticulous calibration and incurring high transmission overhead. To streamline the acquisition of 3D information, this paper introduces a novel 3D optical authentication approach, to the best of our knowledge, based on the construction of 3D data from multi-view images. The proposed method simplifies 3D projection by generating fixed-viewpoint elemental images, eliminating the need for additional viewpoint information during transmission and authentication. Compressed sensing is used for compression during transmission, and a deep learning network is designed for 3D reconstruction, enhancing the recovery. Experimental outcomes confirm the efficiency of our proposed approach for 3D authentication across diverse datasets.

TRIM27 Promotes Endothelial Progenitor Cell Apoptosis in Patients with In-Stent Restenosis by Ubiquitinating TBK1.

Approximately 2-10% in-stent restenosis (ISR) may occur following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) despite the use of modern drug-eluting stents (DES); thus, our study aimed to explore the effects of tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) 27 on ISR and the underlying mechanism. For this purpose, a total of 42 patients undergoing coronary angiography who had prior coronary angiography with DES implantation were recruited. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) markers (defined as CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factoreceptor-2 (VEGFR-2)) in peripheral blood were measured to asses the circulating EPC level. The TRIM family-related gene expressions were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results suggested that ISR patients had reduced CD34+VEGFR-2+ and increased apoptosis rate of EPCs, along with upregulated TRIM27 and TRIM37 and downregulated TRIM28. TRIM27 promoted and TBK1 inhibited the apoptosis rate of EPCs. Mechanically, TRIM27 interacted with TBK1 to ubiquitinate TBK1 in in vitro study. In summary, TRIM27 promoted the progression of ISR in patients after PCI by ubiquitinating TBK1, which might provide novel ideas for the clinical treatment of ISR.

Artificial intelligence powered advancements in upper extremity joint MRI: A review.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an indispensable medical imaging examination technique in musculoskeletal medicine. Modern MRI techniques achieve superior high-quality multiplanar imaging of soft tissue and skeletal pathologies without the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Some current limitations of MRI include long acquisition times, artifacts, and noise. In addition, it is often challenging to distinguish abutting or closely applied soft tissue structures with similar signal characteristics. In the past decade, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been widely employed in musculoskeletal MRI to help reduce the image acquisition time and improve image quality. Apart from being able to reduce medical costs, AI can assist clinicians in diagnosing diseases more accurately. This will effectively help formulate appropriate treatment plans and ultimately improve patient care. This review article intends to summarize AI's current research and application in musculoskeletal MRI, particularly the advancement of DL in identifying the structure and lesions of upper extremity joints in MRI images.

Fermenting Distiller's Grains by the Domesticated Microbial Consortium To Release Ferulic Acid.

The microbial consortium FA12 that can release ferulic acid (FA) by fermenting distiller's grains was screened from Daqu. Taibaiella, Comamonadaceae, and Ochrobacum were highly abundant in FA12 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In the process of long-term acclimation with distiller's grains as a medium, the biomass of FA12 remained stable, and the pH value of fermentation liquid was also relatively stable. Meanwhile, the activities of cellulase, xylanase, and feruloyl esterase secreted by FA12 were stable in the ranges of 0.2350-0.4470, 0.1917-0.3078, and 0.1103-0.1595 U/mL, respectively, and the release of FA could reach 133.77 µg/g. It is proven that the microbial consortium has good genetic stability. In addition, the structural changes of lignocellulose in distiller's grains before and after fermentation were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the changes of distiller's grains weight and lignocellulose content before and after fermentation were also detected. These results all confirmed that FA12 had the function of degrading distiller's grains. In this study, we explored a method to use microbial communities to release FA from distiller's grains and degrade lignocellulose in the waste, which opened up a new way for the application of the high value of lost waste.

Electrospinning-derived transition metal/carbon nanofiber composites as electrocatalysts for Zn-air batteries.

The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) significantly impede the broader implementation of Zn-air batteries (ZABs), underscoring the necessity for advanced high-efficiency materials to catalyze these electrochemical processes. Recent advancements have highlighted the potential of transition metal/carbon nanofiber (TM/CNF) composite materials, synthesized via electrospinning technology, due to their expansive surface area, profusion of active sites, and elevated catalytic efficacy. This review comprehensively examines the structural characteristics of TM/CNFs, with a particular emphasis on the pivotal role of electrospinning technology in fabricating diverse structural configurations. Additionally, it delves into the mechanistic underpinnings of various strategies aimed at augmenting the catalytic activity of TM/CNFs. A meticulous discourse is also presented on the application scope of TM/CNFs in the realm of electrocatalysis, with a special focus on their impact on the performance of assembled ZABs. Lastly, this review encapsulates the challenges and future prospects in the development of TM/CNF composite materials via electrospinning, aiming to provide an exhaustive understanding of the current state of research in this domain and to foster further advancements in the commercialization of ZABs.

Economic Evaluation of COVID-19 Immunization Strategies: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to systematically assess global economic evaluation studies on COVID-19 vaccination, offer valuable insights for future economic evaluations, and assist policymakers in making evidence-based decisions regarding the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS: Searches were performed from January 2020 to September 2023 across seven English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EBSCO, KCL-Korean Journal Dataset, SciELO Citation Index, and Derwent Innovations Index) and three Chinese databases (Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal, and CNKI). Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Data were extracted from eligible studies using a standardized data collection form, with the reporting quality of these studies assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022). RESULTS: Of the 40 studies included in the final review, the overall reporting quality was good, evidenced by a mean score of 22.6 (ranging from 10.5 to 28). Given the significant heterogeneity in fundamental aspects among the studies reviewed, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Most of these studies adopted a health system or societal perspective. They predominantly utilized a composite model, merging dynamic and static methods, within short to medium-term time horizons to simulate various vaccination strategies. The research strategies varied among studies, investigating different doses, dosages, brands, mechanisms, efficacies, vaccination coverage rates, deployment speeds, and priority target groups. Three pivotal parameters notably influenced the evaluation results: the vaccine's effectiveness, its cost, and the basic reproductive number (R0). Despite variations in model structures, baseline parameters, and assumptions utilized, all studies identified a general trend that COVID-19 vaccination is cost-effective compared to no vaccination or intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The current review confirmed that COVID-19 vaccination is a cost-effective alternative in preventing and controlling COVID-19. In addition, it highlights the profound impact of variables such as dose size, target population, vaccine efficacy, speed of vaccination, and diversity of vaccine brands and mechanisms on cost effectiveness, and also proposes practical and effective strategies for improving COVID-19 vaccination campaigns from the perspective of economic evaluation.

Probing the Critical Role of Interfaces for Superior Performance in PbS Quantum Dot/Graphene Nanohybrid Broadband Photodetectors.

Colloidal quantum dots/graphene (QD/Gr) nanohybrids have been studied intensively for photodetection in a broadband spectrum including ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared (UV-vis-NIR-SWIR). Since the optoelectronic process in the QD/Gr nanohybrid relies on the photogenerated charge carrier transfer from QDs to graphene, understanding the role of the QD-QD and QD-Gr interfaces is imperative to the QD/Gr nanohybrid photodetection. Herein, a systematic study is carried out to probe the effect of these interfaces on the noise, photoresponse, and specific detectivity in the UV-vis-NIR-SWIR spectrum. Interestingly, the photoresponse has been found to be negligible without a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) ligand exchange, moderate with a single ligand exchange after all QD layers are deposited on graphene, and maximum if it is performed after each QD layer deposition up to five layers of total QD thickness of 260-280 nm. Furthermore, exposure of graphene to C-band UV (UVC) for a short period of 4-5 min before QD deposition leads to improved photoresponse via removal of polar molecules at the QD/Gr interface. With the combination of the MPA ligand exchange and UVC exposure, optimal optoelectronic properties can be obtained on the PbS QD/Gr nanohybrids with high specific detectivity up to 2.6 × 1011, 1.5 × 1011, 5 × 1010, and 1.9 × 109 Jones at 400, 550, 1000, and 1700 nm, respectively, making the nanohybrids promising for broadband photodetection.

Bifidobacterium longum suppresses colorectal cancer through the modulation of intestinal microbes and immune function.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignancies in the world, urgently requires more treatment strategies. Although there has been much research on probiotics, limited research has been done in treating cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) in the prevention and treatment of CRC. Through Cell Counting Kit-8 and Colony Formation Assays, 8 h and a B. longum count of 1 × 108 CFU/ml were chosen as the best cocultivation conditions with CRC cells. The role of B. longum in inhibiting the progression of CRC cells was verified by a series of functional and immunofluorescence assays. For instance, in vivo assays have verified that B. longum could alleviate CRC progression. In addition, according to the results of in vivo assays and clinical statistical analysis, B. longum could reduce diarrhea symptoms. Mechanistically, by 16S and RNA sequencing, it was found that B. longum could affect the development of CRC by regulating the composition of gut microbes and enhancing immune function. The B. longum might inhibit the occurrence and development of CRC and relieve diarrhea symptoms by regulating intestinal microbes and immune function.

PD-1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy for first-line treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with distant metastasis: a real-world retrospective study.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with distant metastasis in the real world are as effective and safe as in clinical trials. Patients and methods: From July 2019 to July 2023, a total of 422 patients with distant metastasis of ESCC were included and divided into the PD-1 inhibitor combined chemotherapy group (PC group) and the chemotherapy alone group (C group) according to the treatment regimen. There were 278 patients in the PC group and 144 patients in the C group. The primary endpoint of this study was progression-free survival (PFS), while secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) of the PC group were 44.60% (124/278) and 91.00% (253/278), respectively, which were 18.9% and 3.5% higher than those of the C group. The median PFS and median OS of the PC group were significantly better than those of the C group (median PFS: 6.5 vs. 5.5 months, P < 0.001; median OS: 16.6 vs. 13.9 months, P = 0.002). Further univariate and multivariate Cox analysis showed that the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) score and the number of metastatic sites were potential predictors of PFS in PC patients. The combination of PD-1 inhibitors with cisplatin and paclitaxel (TP) was more beneficial for patients with PFS compared to the combination of cisplatin and fluorouracil (PF). Furthermore, the presence of bone metastasis, body mass index (BMI), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LWR) before treatment may be potential predictive factors for patient OS. The adverse reactions that occurred in the PC group can be tolerated or alleviated after both prevention and active treatment. Conclusions: The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy as first-line treatment for ESCC patients with distant metastasis still has good efficacy and safety compared to clinical trials in the real world.

[Ecological Environment Dynamical Evaluation of Hutuo River Basin Using Remote Sensing].

Hutuo River Basin straddles Shanxi and Hebei provinces, and Hutuo River was once cut off due to economic development and urban expansion after 2000; however, with the national emphasis on ecological civilization and the implementation of the South-North Water Diversion Project, the ecological protection of Hutuo River Basin has been significantly improved. MODIS data, Landsat data, and night light remote sensing data were selected based on the google earth engine (GEE) platform, and a new evaluation index system was generated by combining the biological richness index, vegetation cover index, land stress index, and pollution load index in the ecological environment index (EI) and the humidity index in the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), using the variation coefficient method and entropy weighting method to assign weights to these indices. An ecological environment evaluation model was constructed to evaluate and classify the ecological environment quality of Hutuo River Basin from 2000 to 2020, and the driving factors were interpreted by using geographic probes. The results showed that:① on a time scale, the ecological environment of Hutuo River Basin was in a decline period from 2000 to 2015 and a recovery period from 2015 to 2020. From a grid scale, the ecological environment quality in the central part of the basin showed a state of improvement year by year, and in the western and eastern parts of the basin, the ecological environment quality in the decline period decreased year by year, whereas the ecological environment quality in the recovery period improved. ② Hot spot analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the ecological environment quality in Hutuo River Basin was high in the middle and low on both sides. Cold spot regions were mainly located in major cities and towns in the eastern and southern parts and scattered in the river valley area on the west side. ③ Geodetection analysis showed that the single factor detection drivers were mainly population density, vegetation net primary productivity (NPP), fractional vegetation cover (FVC), and geomorphological type. The dominant factor of cross-detection was "geomorphological type + FVC." With the deepening of ecological civilization construction and the implementation of Hutuo River Protection Regulations, in combination with different factors such as the natural environment and social characteristics in this basin, the research on ecological environment evaluation in Hutuo River Basin can provide data support for proposing localized policies to improve the ecological environment.

RT-SRTS: Angle-agnostic real-time simultaneous 3D reconstruction and tumor segmentation from single X-ray projection.

Radiotherapy is one of the primary treatment methods for tumors, but the organ movement caused by respiration limits its accuracy. Recently, 3D imaging from a single X-ray projection has received extensive attention as a promising approach to address this issue. However, current methods can only reconstruct 3D images without directly locating the tumor and are only validated for fixed-angle imaging, which fails to fully meet the requirements of motion control in radiotherapy. In this study, a novel imaging method RT-SRTS is proposed which integrates 3D imaging and tumor segmentation into one network based on multi-task learning (MTL) and achieves real-time simultaneous 3D reconstruction and tumor segmentation from a single X-ray projection at any angle. Furthermore, the attention enhanced calibrator (AEC) and uncertain-region elaboration (URE) modules have been proposed to aid feature extraction and improve segmentation accuracy. The proposed method was evaluated on fifteen patient cases and compared with three state-of-the-art methods. It not only delivers superior 3D reconstruction but also demonstrates commendable tumor segmentation results. Simultaneous reconstruction and segmentation can be completed in approximately 70 ms, significantly faster than the required time threshold for real-time tumor tracking. The efficacies of both AEC and URE have also been validated in ablation studies. The code of work is available at https://github.com/ZywooSimple/RT-SRTS.

[Analysis of constituents in different parts of Forsythia suspensa by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity].

This study aims to characterize and identify the chemical constituents in 11 parts of Forsythia suspensa by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with a self-established chemical constituent database, including leaves, flowers, fruits, green F. suspensa, old F. suspensa, and seeds. The quality attributes and differences of different parts of F. suspensa were evaluated by principal component analysis, partial least square discriminant analysis, and other stoichiometric methods. A total of 79 compounds were identified, including 13 phenylethanol glycosides, 10 lignans, 12 flavonoids, 10 organic acids, 14 terpenoids, and 20 other types of compounds. Among them, 34 compounds were the main variables of difference between the different parts of F. suspensa, and the content of each component was relatively higher in the leaves and green F. suspensa. The LPS-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells was applied to study the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts of the different parts of F. suspensa and the main constituents. The results show that the extracts of green F. suspensa, flower, twig, and stem exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, and the constituents such as forsythoside A, phyllyrin, phillygenin, and(+)-pinoresinol-ß-D-glucopyranoside could significantly inhibit anti-inflammatory activity released by NO. The chemical constituent in different parts of F. suspensa is analyzed comprehensively, and the anti-inflammatory activity is evaluated in this study, which provides a reference for the development and comprehensive utilization of F. suspensa resources.

[Determination of 13 chemical components of Epimedii Folium in pharmacopoeia by UPLC method combined with quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single-marker].

The quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single-marker(QAMS) was established for 13 chemical components of Epimedii Folium, including neoglycolic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryo-chlorogenic acid, magnolidine, hypericin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, baohuoside Ⅱ, sagittatoside A, icariin subside Ⅰ, and baohuoside Ⅰ, so as to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of this method in evaluating the quality of Epimedii Folium materials from different origins and different varieties. Through the scientific and accurate investigation of the experimental method, the external standard method was used to determine the content of 13 chemical components in epimedium brevieornu. At the same time, icariin was used as the internal standard, and the relative correction factors of icariin with neoglycolic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryo-chlorogenic acid, magnolidine, hypericin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, baohuoside Ⅱ, sagittatoside A, icariin subside Ⅰ, and baohuoside Ⅰ were established, respectively. The contens of neoglycolic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryo-chlorogenic acid, magnolidine, hypericin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, baohuoside Ⅱ, sagittatoside A, icariin subside Ⅰ, and baohuosideⅠ in Epimedii Folium were calculated by QAMS. Finally, the difference between the measured value and the calculated value was compared to verify the accuracy and scientific nature of QAMS in the determination. The relative correction factor of each component had better repeatability, and there was no significant difference between the results of the external standard method and those of QAMS. With icariin as the internal standard, QAMS simultaneously determining neoglycolic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryo-chlorogenic acid, magnolidine, hypericin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, baohuoside Ⅱ, sagittatoside A, icariin subside Ⅰ, and baohuoside Ⅰ can be used for quantitative analysis of Epimedii Folium.

High spectral efficiency modulation scheme based on joint interaction of orthogonal compressed chirp division multiplexing and power superimposed code.

In this paper, we propose a high spectral efficiency modulation scheme based on joint interaction of orthogonal compressed chirp division multiplexing (OCCDM) and power superimposed code (PSC) under the intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) system. OCCDM is a novel orthogonal chirp division multiplexing technology featuring spectral compression through the implementation of processing similar to a discrete Fourier transform, enhancing the spectral efficiency (SE) through bandwidth savings without loss of orthogonality of each chirp. Meanwhile, PSC technology enables multiple code words being transmitted superimposed on the same chirp. This technique involves allocating varying power levels to different users, thereby distinguishing them, increasing the transmission's net bit rate and substantially boosting the SE. The transmission has been performed experimentally using a 2 km 7-core fiber span. The impact of the above-mentioned technologies on the bit error rate (BER) performance is assessed in the power, frequency, and joint domain. The BER and enhancements in the SE can be balanced when the spectral bandwidth compression factor (α) and power distribution ratio are equal to 0.9 and 4, respectively. The observed outcome leads to the transmission's SE increase to more than double the baseline value, at 2.22 times. Based on the above analysis, we believe this structure is expected to become a potential for developing next-generation PON.

A generalized simplicial model and its application.

Higher-order structures, consisting of more than two individuals, provide a new perspective to reveal the missed non-trivial characteristics under pairwise networks. Prior works have researched various higher-order networks, but research for evaluating the effects of higher-order structures on network functions is still scarce. In this paper, we propose a framework to quantify the effects of higher-order structures (e.g., 2-simplex) and vital functions of complex networks by comparing the original network with its simplicial model. We provide a simplicial model that can regulate the quantity of 2-simplices and simultaneously fix the degree sequence. Although the algorithm is proposed to control the quantity of 2-simplices, results indicate it can also indirectly control simplexes more than 2-order. Experiments on spreading dynamics, pinning control, network robustness, and community detection have shown that regulating the quantity of 2-simplices changes network performance significantly. In conclusion, the proposed framework is a general and effective tool for linking higher-order structures with network functions. It can be regarded as a reference object in other applications and can deepen our understanding of the correlation between micro-level network structures and global network functions.

Engineering Phage Nanocarriers Integrated with Bio-Intelligent Plasmids for Personalized and Tunable Enzyme Delivery to Enhance Chemodynamic Therapy.

Customizable and number-tunable enzyme delivery nanocarriers will be useful in tumor therapy. Herein, a phage vehicle, T4-Lox-DNA-Fe (TLDF), which adeptly modulates enzyme numbers using phage display technology to remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME) is presented. Regarding the demand for lactic acid in tumors, each phage is engineered to display 720 lactate oxidase (Lox), contributing to the depletion of lactic acid to restructure the tumor's energy metabolism. The phage vehicle incorporated dextran iron (Fe) with Fenton reaction capabilities. H2O2 is generated through the Lox catalytic reaction, amplifying the H2O2 supply for dextran iron-based chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Drawing inspiration from the erythropoietin (EPO) biosynthetic process, an EPO enhancer is constructed to impart the EPO-Keap1 plasmid (DNA) with tumor hypoxia-activated functionality, disrupting the redox homeostasis of the TME. Lox consumes local oxygen, and positive feedback between the Lox and the plasmid promotes the expression of kelch ECH Associated Protein 1 (Keap1). Consequently, the downregulation of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2, in synergy with CDT, amplifies the oxidative killing effect, leading to tumor suppression of up to 78%. This study seamlessly integrates adaptable T4 phage vehicles with bio-intelligent plasmids, presenting a promising approach for tumor therapy.

Straw Addition Enhances Crop Yield, Soil Aggregation, and Soil Microorganisms in a 14-Year Wheat-Rice Rotation System in Central China.

Straw return utilizes waste resources to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers worldwide. However, information is still lacking on the relative impact of straw return on soil fertility, the nutrient composition of different soil aggregates, and soil microbial communities. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the effects of different management practices on the crop yield, soil fertility, and soil community composition in a 14-year wheat-rice rotation system. The treatments included a control (without fertilizer and straw addition), chemical fertilization (NPK), straw return without fertilizer (S), and straw addition with chemical fertilizer (NPKS). The results showed that NPKS improved the wheat and rice yield by 185.12% and 88.02%, respectively, compared to the CK treatment. Additionally, compared to the CK treatment, the N, P, and K contents of the wheat stem were increased by 39.02%, 125%, and 20.23% under the NPKS treatment. Compared to the CK treatment, SOM, TN, TP, AN, AP, AK, CEC, AFe, AMn, ACu, and AZn were increased by 49.12%, 32.62%, 35.06%, 22.89%, 129.36%, 48.34%, 13.40%, 133.95%, 58.98%, 18.26% and 33.33% under the NPKS treatment, respectively. Moreover, straw addition promoted the creation and stabilization of macro-aggregates in crop soils. The relative abundance of macro-aggregates (0.25-2 mm) increased from 37.49% to 52.97%. Straw addition was associated with a higher proportion of aromatic and carbonyl carbon groups in the soil, which, in turn, promoted the formation of macro-aggregates. Redundancy analysis showed that straw return significantly increased the microbial community diversity. These findings demonstrate that straw addition together with chemical fertilizer could increase the crop yield by improving soil fertility, soil aggregate stability, and the diversity of fungi.

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of acetonitrile to ethylamine in acid.

Electrochemical hydrogenation of acetonitrile based on well-developed proton exchange membrane electrolyzers holds great promise for practical production of ethylamine. However, the local acidic condition of proton exchange membrane results in severe competitive proton reduction reaction and poor selection toward acetonitrile hydrogenation. Herein, we conduct a systematic study to screen various metallic catalysts and discover Pd/C exhibits a 43.8% ethylamine Faradaic efficiency at the current density of 200 mA cm-2 with a specific production rate of 2912.5 mmol g-1 h-1, which is about an order of magnitude higher than the other screened metal catalysts. Operando characterizations indicate the in-situ formed PdHx is the active centers for catalytic reaction and the adsorption strength of the *MeCH2NH2 intermediate dictates the catalytic selectivity. More importantly, the theoretical analysis reveals a classic d-band mediated volcano curve to describe the relation between the electronic structures of catalysts and activity, which could provide valuable insights for designing more effective catalysts for electrochemical hydrogenation reactions and beyond.